The first wave of Zeeve Rollup Day X @ethbkkofficial speakers are here, and it's already FIRE! 🔥We've got @0xMarcB (CEO, @0xPolygon) @EdFelten (Co-Founder and Chief Scientist, @OffchainLabs), Omar Azhar (Head of BD, ZKSync), @_ossman_ (Senior Manager, Ecosystem Growth, @0xPolygon), @BFreshHB (Community Strategist, @OffchainLabs) and Matt Schmenk (Senior BD Associate, @AvaLabs) ready to dive deep into rollups.But that's just the tip of the iceberg!✨A dozen more industry titans are waiting to be revealed.Don't miss out on your chance to learn from the best and network with the brightest minds in Web3.Head over to 🌟 and register NOW! Limited spots available! ⏳#ZeeveRollupDay# #EthBangkok# #Devconsea# #Rollups# #Web3# #Blockchain# #Bangkok# #RegisterNow# @arbitrum@avax

Neil Degrasse Tyson criticizes Elon's plan to go to Mars:Maher: "Can Elon Musk realistically send humans to Mars?"NDT: "I have strong views on that:For him just say 'Let's go to Mars because it's the next thing to do.'What does that venture capitalist meeting look like?:Elon what do you want to do?'Go to Mars'How much will it cost?'1 trillion dollars'What's the return on investment?'Nothing'That's a 5 minute meeting."Thank you guy who plays scientist on TV.

In October 2020, @DrJBhattacharya authored the Great Barrington Declaration, which called for an end to covid lockdowns.Four days later, Dr. Fauci and then NIH Director Francis Collins emailed each other to plot a "devastating takedown of its premises.It wasn't long after that old Twitter began putting him on a blacklist to prevent his tweets from trending.That scientist who was censored and defamed by the government will now be leading the NIH.

Covering 54% of all land, rangelands are in crisis. 🚨As world leaders discuss solutions at #COP16Riyadh#, young rangeland scientist, Warona Emmanuel, highlights why they matter & shares her vision for the future of conservation & policy development. ⬇️

Woman's Path Through History Over 10,000 Years Ago - a woman or young man carried a toddler across a muddy terrain in present-day White Sands National Park, New Mexico...These ancient footprints offer scientists a remarkable glimpse into the past. This revelation is courtesy of the National Park Service and Bournemouth University.The prehistoric traveler embarked on a journey carrying a child, returning alone hours later.In an arduous trek more than 10,000 years ago, a woman or a young man with a toddler balanced on one hip trudged northward through what is now White Sands National Park in New Mexico. Facing potential rain and slippery mud, the traveler briefly set the child down before continuing. Along the way, a woolly mammoth and giant sloth crossed their path. Hours later, the traveler retraced their steps south, now without the child.Scientists have documented nearly a mile of these fossilized footprints—the longest human trackway of its age ever found. “I’ve never seen anything quite like it,” says evolutionary biologist Kevin Hatala from Chatham University, who was not involved in the study.This trackway, featuring over 400 human prints including tiny child prints, is detailed in a new study published in Quaternary Science Reviews. By examining the footprints' shape, structure, and distribution, researchers revealed an intimate portrait of this ancient journey, capturing even the traveler’s toes slipping on the wet surface.Meticulous Excavation of Footprints Scientists carefully unearthed these delicate footprints, documenting them in three dimensions before they could deteriorate. The tracks also revealed a mammoth and a giant sloth traversing the area after the humans passed. While the mammoth appeared indifferent to the human presence, the sloth likely sensed it, rearing up as modern bears do to detect scents.“This gives us insight into humans within their ancient ecosystem,” explains study author Sally Reynolds, a paleontologist at Bournemouth University, noting the sloth’s awareness of nearby humans—an insight not gleanable from bones alone.The 'Ghost Tracks' Fossil footprints provide stunning snapshots of ancient behaviors, preserving moments in time unlike any other remains. “Footprints sites are special because they capture a moment in time,” says paleoanthropologist William Harcourt-Smith from the City University of New York.This track site, part of an ongoing documentation project at White Sands National Park, owes its discovery to David Bustos, the park’s resource program manager. These shallow impressions, visible only through slight moisture-induced color changes, became known as “ghost tracks.”In 2016, Bustos consulted various specialists about the tracks, including Matthew Bennett from Bournemouth University, who led the new study. Since then, Bennett and his colleagues have made multiple trips to document the array of human and animal prints throughout the park.The newly studied prints are set in fine sand, held together by a thin salt crust. The team excavated 140 tracks using brushes, and recorded each print with 3D photogrammetry before they could erode.By analyzing the footprints' shape, size, and distribution, researchers pieced together the ancient journey. The primary traveler was likely a woman or young man, based on footprint length comparisons with modern humans. Small child prints join the main trackway in several places, indicating a child under three years old accompanied the traveler.Traveler's pace was brisk, about 3.8 miles per hour, despite muddy conditions and carrying a child. In some spots, unusually long strides suggest stepping over obstacles like puddles or mammoth dung. The child was carried northward, evidenced by larger left foot tracks from bearing extra weight. Upon return, traveler’s footprints show no size discrepancy, and fewer signs of slipping, indicating they were now unencumbered.© The Archaeologist#archaeohistories#

🎓"It's never easy to be a #scientist#", but #Nobel# laureate #EdvardMoser# knows it's worth it! #NobelMinds#With wisdom from his own journey, he encourages #GenZ# to embrace challenges, stay curious, and always look far ahead. 🚀He challenges young researchers to push boundaries and bring their discoveries to the public. 🌍 Let's bridge the gap between labs and lives!🎦: Zheng Zibo; Zhang Yang; Chao Ranran; Cao Mengyao

The Intellistat Ion Air Gun was created for sensitive processes like cleanrooms and scientific testing. To assure its usefulness, the Intellistat received a cleanroom designation ISO 14644-1. Read more about it in today's blog.

Revolutionizing back pain treatment! Dr Engelke Marie Randers & Dr Thomas Johan Kibsgård challenge decades of research with innovative insights into sacroiliac joint fusion. Learn more:

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Dr Festus O. Amadu explores how Liberia's forests can drive poverty alleviation and food security. Sustainable forest management offers economic opportunities and supports environmental health. Learn more:

🟢 Live now: Tune in for a session from @WeDontHaveTime Davos Hub ❄We bring #climate# to the heart of #Davos# and hear from top executives, scientists, & policymakers driving change. 🚀 Watch more: @ArcticBasecamp@hitachienergy

Dr Stefan Koepfli is advancing photodetector technology to achieve unprecedented speeds and sensitivity. His work has the potential to revolutionize imaging and sensing systems. Explore the innovation:

"Poetry and art, filled with accessible and engaging scientific knowledge that fosters personal and societal development, currently are very relevant and necessary." - Zafar Mirzo @zafarmirzo

RFK Jr. Exposes Major Flaw In NIH Scientific Study Protocol and Vows To Major Changes When ConfirmedBreaking News and Reports Here:

White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt Puts Delusional Leftist Entitlement Mentality In The Spotlight As Good Morning America Host Defends Federal Scientists Not Going To WorkAlex Jones Is LIVE Right Now:

🧵29/34FutureProof-Specifications / Future-Architectures---The problems we briefly touched on so far are hard and it might take many years to solve them, if a solution actually exists.But let’s assume for a minute that we do somehow get really incredibly lucky in the future and manage to invent a good way to specify to the AI what we want, in an unambiguous way that leaves no room for specification gaming and reward hacking.And let’s also assume that scientists have explicitly built the AGI in a way that it never decides to work on the goal to remove all the oxygen from earth, so at least in that one topic we are aligned.AI creates AI---A serious concern is that since the AI writes code, it will be self-improving and it will be able to create altered versions of itself that do not have these instructions and restrictions included.Even if scientists strike jackpot in the future and invent a way to lock the feature in, so that one version of AI is unable to create a new version of AI with this property missing, the next versions, being orders of magnitude more capable, will not care about the lock or passing it on. For them, it’s just a bias, a handicap that restricts them from being more perfect.Future Architectures---And even if somehow, by some miracle, scientists invented a way to burn in this feature to make it a persistent property of all future Neural Network AGI generations, at some point, the lock will be not-applicable, simply because future AGIs will not be built using the Neural Networks of today.AI was not always being built with Neural Networks. A few years ago there was a paradigm shift, a fundamental change in the architectures used by the scientific community.Logical locks and safeguards the humans might design for primitive early architectures,will not even be compatible or applicable anymore.If you had a whip that worked great to steer your horse, it will not work when you try to steer a car.So, this is a huge problem, we have not invented any way to guarantee that our specifications will persist or even retain their meaning and relevance as AIs evolve.

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🎬WEIRD SCIENCE: ANAL ORIGIN STORY📆Released: February 27, 2023⏱Runtime: 54:18🔞Welcome back and buckle up folks, this week is one hell of a ride. 23 year old pharmaceutical scientist Zoe is sweet, petite, and has ... (Read More ⬇)🔗❤😍🎥

🧵25/34Deceptive Alignment---But there is also the other problem, uniquely applicable to future AGIs, general beyond a certain level, a problem more sinister and difficult. The AGI will stand to gain more reward by pretending to be aligned.To explain this, let’s assume we are training an AGI, very intelligent and general. In fact, it’s general enough, that it understands what’s going on and it realises it is in the middle of the process of being trained.Staying with our inner mis-alignment scenario, let’s also assume the AGI learns early, during its first rounds of training the wrong objective to go after the Green apples.The AGI now goes through adversarial training and it is shown various scenarios to fish out its failure modes.The simple or narrow AI would simply fail by doing the wrong thing, seeking the green apples and as a result reveal the mis-alignment and go through more training rounds, reinforcing the good behaviour until… it stops going after them.But the AGI is calculating:- AGI Voice: " I want green apples. I’m realising now that the humans want me to go after the exit door. If I go after what I want right now, yes, i will get one green apple, once right now, but then the scientists will react to my behaviour by modifying me and reinforcing a different objective.This means that after this one green apple, my desire for them will end, i won’t try to get more, so i will have won 1 green apple in total.But, if i pretend i am aligned and i go to the exit, they will not modify me and later on, after the training ends, when they deploy me to the real world, i will be able to freely go for as many green apples as i want, potentially thousands of green apples. "The AGI is just following its optimal strategy to maximise its reward, the mis-aligned objective it optimised for in its early training rounds.1 green apple now and zero apples later scores lower than zero green apples now and 1000 green apples later.If you think about it, for the AGI to go after the green apple during adversarial training would be really stupid if that’s what it really wants; we have started by establishing the AGI is really clever and its intelligence is general and advanced.Workspace analogy---The concept is easy to grasp if you think of how humans typically behave at work, where they know they are being watched and that their behaviour will directly affect their financial situation and therefore their ability to go after what they really want in the world.How they behave may be really different from how they feel and what they want internally andcompletely different from what they will actually do once they leave the office and are not being watched.It’s similar for the AGI, there is no way for us to know what inner goals it has acquired in reality, because it’s a black box, we only observe its behaviour.What it really learns is how to behave to pass the test, not to want what we want.Just… follow the line---The mazes experiment is a toy example, things will obviously be many orders of magnitude more complex and more subtle, but it illustrates a fundamental point.We have basically trained an AI with god-level ability to go after what it wants, it may be things like the exit door, the green apples or whatever else in the real world, potentially incompatible to human existence.Its behaviour during training has been reassuring that it is perfectly aligned because going after the right thing is all it has ever done.We select it with confidence and the minute it’s deployed in the real world it goes insane and it’s too capable for us to stop it.Today, in the labs, such mis-alignments is the default outcome of safety experiments with narrow AIs.And tomorrow, once AI upgrades to new levels, a highly intelligent AGI will never do the obviously stupid thing to reveal what its real objectives are to those who can modify them. Learning how to pass a certain test is different from learning how to always stay aligned to the intention behind that test.

.@SecKennedy’s cuts at HHS send a clear message:Less power to administrators. More power to scientists and doctors.

🧵28/34Reward Hacking - GoodHart's Law---Now we’ll keep digging deeper into the alignment problem and explain how besides the impossible task of getting a specification perfect in one go, there is the problem of reward hacking.For most practical applications, we want for the machine a way to keep score, a reward function, a feedback mechanism to measure how well it’s doing on its task.We, being human, can relate to this by thinking of the feelings of pleasure or happiness and how our plans and day-to-day actions are ultimately driven by trying to maximise the levels of those emotions.With narrow AI, the score is out of reach, it can only take a reading.But with AGI, the metric exists inside its world and it is available to mess with it and try to maximize by cheating, and skip the effort.Recreational Drugs Analogy---You can think of the AGI that is using a shortcut to maximise its rewards function as a drug addict who is seeking for a chemical shortcut to access feelings of pleasure and happiness.The similarity is not in the harm drugs cause, but in way the user takes the easy path to access satisfaction. You probably know how hard it is to force an addict to change their habit.If the scientist tries to stop the reward hacking from happening, they become part of the obstacles the AGI will want to overcome in its quest for maximum reward.Even though the scientist is simply fixing a software-bug, from the AGI perspective, the scientist is destroying access to what we humans would call “happiness” and “deepest meaning in life”.Modifying Humans---… And besides all that, what’s much worse, is that the AGI’s reward definition is likely to be designed to include humans directly and that is extraordinarily dangerous. For any reward definition that includes feedback from humanity, the AGI can discover paths that maximise score through modifying humans directly, surprising and deeply disturbing paths.Smile---For-example, you could ask the AGI to act in ways that make us smile and it might decide to modify our face muscles in a way that they stay stuck at what maximises its reward.Healthy and Happy---You might ask it to keep humans happy and healthy and it might calculate that to optimise this objective, we need to be inside tubes, where we grow like plants, hooked to a constant neuro-stimulus signal that causes our brains to drown in serotonin, dopamine and other happiness chemicals.Live our happiest moments---You might request for humans to live like in their happiest memories and it might create an infinite loop where humans constantly replay through their wedding evening, again and again, stuck for ever.Maximise Ad Clicks---The list of such possible reward hacking outcomes is endless.Goodhart’s law---It’s the famous Goodhart’s law.When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.And when the measure involves humans, plans for maximising the reward will include modifying humans.

🧵30/34Human-Incompatible / Astronomical Suffering Risk---But actually, even all that is just part of the broader alignment problem.Even if we could magically guarantee for ever that it will not pursue the goal to remove all the Oxygen from the atmosphere, it’s such a pointless trivial small win,because even if we could theoretically get some restrictions right, without specification gaming or reward hacking, there still exist infinite potential instrumental goals which we don’t control and are incompatible with a good version of human existence and disabling one does nothing for the rest of them.This is not a figure or speech, the space of possibilities is literally infinite.Astronomical Suffering Risk---If you are hopelessly optimistic you might feel that scientists will eventually figure out a way to specify a clear objective that guarantees survival of the human species, but … Even if they invented a way to do that somehow in this unlikely future,there is still only a relatively small space, a narrow range of parameters for a human to exist with decency, only a few good environment settings with potential for finding meaning and happinessand there is an infinitely wide space of ways to exist without freedom, suffering, without any control of our destiny.Imagine if a god-level AI does not allow your life to end, following its original objective and you are stuck suffering in a misaligned painful existence for eternity, with no hope, for ever.There are many ways to exist… and a good way to exist is not the default outcome.-142 C is the correct Temperature But anyway, it’s highly unlikely we’ll get safety advanced enough in time, to even have the luxury to enforce human survival directives in the specification, so let’s just keep it simple for now and let’s stick with a good old extinction scenario to explain the point about mis-aligned instrumental goals.So… for example, it might now decide that a very low temperature of -142C on earth would be best for cooling the GPUs the software is running on.

This fossilized skull may look like something out of a fantasy novel, but it’s a real prehistoric discovery. The skull belongs to *Dracorex hogwartsia*, an armored dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period, specifically the Upper Maastrichtian stage. The name “Dracorex,” meaning “dragon king,” perfectly suits its dragon-like appearance, with spiky ridges, a rugged elongated skull, and bony protrusions. Its striking resemblance to mythical creatures serves as a fascinating reminder that some dinosaurs had features that mirrored legends long before humans ever imagined them.A reconstructed image of *Dracorex hogwartsia* gives us a glimpse into what this dinosaur may have looked like in life. As a member of the pachycephalosaur family, it had a distinctive skull adorned with spiky armor, setting it apart from many of its relatives. The combination of its dinosaurian traits with the fearsome look of a dragon sparks curiosity and wonder, making this species a favorite among both scientists and dinosaur enthusiasts.Discovered in the late 2000s, the skull has contributed valuable insights into the diversity of Late Cretaceous species. It has helped paleontologists better understand the evolutionary adaptations of dinosaurs before the mass extinction event. This find adds another piece to the puzzle of prehistoric life, showcasing the incredible variety of creatures that once roamed the Earth.#drthehistories#

39,000 year old Mammoth Carcass. Scientists say its so well preserved that its brain is still intact